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Technical Specification
PQ60018EKx25
48V
Input
1.8V
Output
(R)
25A
Current
2000V dc
Isolation
Eighth-brick
DC-DC Converter
The PQ60018EKx25 PowerQor eighth-brick converter is a next-generation, board-mountable, isolated, fixed switching frequency DC/DC converter that uses synchronous rectification to achieve extremely high conversion efficiency. The power dissipated by the converter is so low that a heatsink is not required, which saves cost, weight, height, and application effort. All of the power and control components are mounted to the multi-layer PCB substrate with highyield surface mount technology. Since the PowerQor converter has no explicit thermal interfaces, it is extremely reliable. RoHS compliant (see page 15). Operational Features
* High efficiency, 84% at full load * Delivers up to 25A of output current with minimal derating no heatsink required * Wide input voltage range: 35V-75V, with 100V, 100ms input voltage transient capability * Fixed frequency switching provides predictable EMI performance * No minimum load requirement means no preload resistors required
PQ60018EKA25 Module
Control Features
* On/Off control referenced to input side (positive and negative logic options are available) * Remote sense for the output voltage compensates for output distribution drops * Output voltage trim permits custom voltages and voltage margining
Mechanical Features
* Industry standard eighth-brick pin-out configuration * Industry standard size: 0.90"x2.3" (22.9x58.4mm) * Total height only 0.340" (8.64mm), permits better airflow and smaller card pitch * Total weight: 0.85oz. (24 grams) * Flanged pins designed to permit surface mount soldering (avoid wave solder) using FPiP technique
Safety Features
* 2000V, 30M input-to-output isolation provides input/output ground separation * UL 60950-1 recognized (US & Canada),basic insulation rating * TUV certified to EN60950-1 * Board and plastic components meet UL94V-0 flammability requirements
Protection Features
* Input under-voltage lockout disables converter at low input voltage conditions * Output current limit and short circuit protection protects converter and load from permanent damage and consequent hazardous conditions * Active back bias limit prevents damage to converter from external load induced pre-bias * Output over-voltage protection protects load from damaging voltages * Thermal shutdown protects converter from abnormal environmental conditions
CONTENTS
Mechanical Drawing - Open frame - EKA & EKL (low Profile) . . . . . . . . 2 Mechanical Drawing - Encased . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 PQ60018EKx25 (1.8 V, 25 A) Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5 PQ60018EKx25 Standards & Qualification Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 PQ60018EKx Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10 Application Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-14 Ordering Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B 06/12/09
Page No.
Product # PQ60018EKx25
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Page 1
Technical Specification
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
MECHANICAL DRAWING - OPEN FRAME - EKA & EKL (LOW PROFILE)
.900 (22.86) 0.600 (15.24) 0.450 (11.43) 0.300 (7.62) 0.150 (3.81) 0.410 0.014 (10.41 0.35) Overall Height 0.340 0.014 (8.64 0.35) Overall Height
8
7
6
5
4 0.145 (3.68)
0.145 (3.68)
2.30 (58.4)
2.00 (50.8)
Top View
Side View
1 .14 (3.6)
2
3 0.121.017 (3.070.43) Bottom Side Clearance 0.051.017 (1.30.43) Bottom Side Clearance
0.150 (3.8) 0.300 (7.62) 0.600 (15.24)
EKA Side View
EKL Side View
NOTES
1) Pins 1-3, 5-7 are 0.040" (1.02mm) diameter, with 0.080" (2.03mm) diameter standoff shoulders. 2) Pins 4 and 8 are 0.062" (1.57 mm) diameter with 0.100" (2.54 mm) diameter standoff shoulders.
PIN DESIGNATIONS
Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Notes: 1) SENSE(-) should be connected to Vout(-) either remotely or at the converter. 2) Leave TRIM pin open for nominal output voltage. 3) SENSE(+) should be connected to Vout(+) either remotely or at the converter.
Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B 06/12/09 Page 2
Name Vin(+) ON/OFF Vin(-) Vout(-) SENSE(-) TRIM Vout(+)
Function Positive input voltage TTL input to turn converter on and off, referenced to Vin(-), with internal pull up. Negative input voltage Negative output voltage Negative remote sense1 Output voltage trim2 Positive output voltage
3) Other pin extension lengths available. Recommended pin length is 0.03" (0.76mm) greater than the PCB thickness. 4) All Pins: Material - Copper Alloy- Finish (RoHS 6/6) - Matte Tin over Nickel plate 5) Undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only. 6) All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) 7) Weight: 0.85 oz (24 g) typical 8) Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class II 9) The flanged pins are designed to permit surface mount soldering (allowing to avoid the wave soldering process) through the use of the flanged pin-in-paste technique. 10) UL/TUV standards require a clearance greater than 0.04" (1.02mm) between input and output for Basic insulation. This issue should be considered if any copper traces are on the top side of the user's board. Note that the ferrite core shown at left above is considered part of the input/primary circuit.
SENSE(+) Positive remote sense3
Product # PQ60018EKx25
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Technical Specification
MECHANICAL DRAWING - ENCASED
.9860.020 (25.040.5) 0.600 (15.24) 0.450 (11.43) 0.300 (7.62) 0.150 (3.81)
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKC25
0.500 0.025 (12.7 0.63) Overall Height 8 7 6 5 4
2.3860.020 (60.60.5)
Top View 2.00 (50.8)
Side View
0.1830.020 (4.650.5)
1
2
3
0.1930.020 (4.90.5) 0.300 (7.62) 0.600 (15.24) 0.180.010 (4.570.25)
NOTES
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) Pins 1-3, 5-7 are 0.040" (1.02mm) diameter, with 0.080" (2.03mm) diameter standoff shoulders. Pins 4 and 8 are 0.062" (1.57 mm) diameter with 0.100" (2.54 mm) diameter standoff shoulders. Other pin extension lengths available. Recommended pin length is 0.03" (0.76mm) greater than the PCB thickness. All Pins: Material - Copper Alloy- Finish (RoHS 6/6) - Matte Tin over Nickel plate Undimensioned components are shown for visual reference only. All dimensions in inches (mm) Tolerances: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm) x.xxx +/-0.010 in. (x.xx +/-0.25mm) Weight: 5 oz (142 g) typical Workmanship: Meets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class II The flanged pins are designed to permit surface mount soldering (allowing to avoid the wave soldering process) through the use of the flanged pin-in-paste technique.
PIN DESIGNATIONS
Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Name Vin(+) ON/OFF Vin(-) Vout(-) TRIM Vout(+) Function Positive input voltage TTL input to turn converter on and off, referenced to Vin(-), with internal pull up. Negative input voltage Negative output voltage Output voltage trim2 Positive output voltage
SENSE(-) Negative remote sense1 SENSE(+) Positive remote sense3
Notes: 1) SENSE(-) should be connected to Vout(-) either remotely or at the converter. 2) Leave TRIM pin open for nominal output voltage. 3) SENSE(+) should be connected to Vout(+) either remotely or at the converter.
Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B 06/12/09 Page 3
Product # PQ60018EKx25
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Technical Specification
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
PQ60018EKx25 (1.8V, 25A) Electrical Characteristics
Ta = 25C, airflow rate = 300 LFM, Vin = 48Vdc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40C to +100C baseplate temperature with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Parameter
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Input Voltage Non-Operating Operating Operating Transient Protection Isolation Voltage Input to Output Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Voltage at ON/OFF input pin INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Operating Input Voltage Range Input Under-Voltage Lockout Turn-On Voltage Threshold Turn-Off Voltage Threshold Lockout Voltage Hysteresis Maximum Input Current No-Load Input Current Disabled Input Current Inrush Current Transient Rating Response to Input Transient Input Reflected Ripple Current Input Terminal Ripple Current Recommended Input Fuse Recommended External Input Capacitance Input Filter Component Values (L\C) OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS Output Voltage Set Point Output Voltage Regulation Over Line Over Load Over Temperature Total Output Voltage Range Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak-to-Peak RMS Operating Output Current Range Output DC Current-Limit Inception Output DC Current-Limit Shutdown Voltage Back-Drive Current Limit while Enabled Back-Drive Current Limit while Disabled Maximum Output Capacitance Electrolytic EFFICIENCY 100% Load 50% Load
Product # PQ60018EKx25
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Units Notes & Conditions
100 75 100 2000 -40 -55 0 35 33.0 31.5 1.2 48 34.0 32.3 1.7 62 7.7 88 1.6 50 20 47 1\2.35 1.782 1.80 0.1\1.8 0.2\3.6 5 1.764 1.8 86 30 0 25.5 8 27.0 1.6 13 0.6 10 84 85
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V V V V dc C C V V V V V A mA mA A2s mV mA mA A F H\F
Continuous Continuous 100ms transient, square wave Basic insulation
100 125 13.5 75 35.0 33.5 2.2 1.6 12 0.03
See Note 1 100% Load, 35V Vin, nominal Vout
1000V/ms input transient RMS thru 10H inductor; Figures 13 & 15 RMS; Figures 13 & 14 Fast acting external fuse recommended Typical ESR 0.1-0.2; Figure 13 Internal values; see Figure E
1.818
V %\mV %\mV mV
1.836
V mV mV
Over sample, line, load, temperature & life 20MHz bandwidth; see Note 2 Full load; see Figures 13 & 16 Full load; see Figures 13 & 16 Subject to thermal derating; Figures 5 - 8
25 29.0 22
A A V A mA mF % %
Negative current drawn from output Negative current drawn from output Nominal Vout at full load (resistive load) Figures 1 - 4 Figures 1 - 4
06/12/09 Page 4
Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B
Technical Specification
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
PQ60018EKx25 (1.8V, 25A) Electrical Characteristics (continued)
Ta=25C, airflow rate=300LFM, Vin=48V dc unless otherwise noted; full operating temperature range is -40C to +100C baseplate temperature with appropriate power derating. Specifications subject to change without notice.
Parameter
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS Input Voltage Ripple Rejection Output Voltage during Load Current Transient Step Change in Output Current (0.1A/s) Step Change in Output Current (1A/s) Settling time Turn-On Transient Turn-On Time Start-Up Inhibit Time Output Voltage Overshoot ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS Isolation Voltage (dielectric strength) Isolation Resistance Isolation Capacitance (input to output)
Min.
Typ.
77 120 220 600 21
Max.
Units Notes & Conditions
dB mV mV s ms 120Hz See Note 3 50% to 75% to 50% Iout max; Figure 11 50% to 75% to 50% Iout max; Figure 12 To within 1% Vout nom Full load, Vout=90% nom. -40C to +125C; Figure F Maximum Output Capacitance See Absolute Maximum Ratings See Note 4 Package rated to 150C UL rated max operating temp 130C
180
200 0 2000 30 1000
240
ms % V M pF
TEMPERATURE LIMITS FOR POWER DERATING CURVES Semiconductor Junction Temperature Board Temperature Transformer Temperature FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS Switching Frequency ON/OFF Control (Option P) Off-State Voltage On-State Voltage ON/OFF Control (Option N) Off-State Voltage On-State Voltage ON/OFF Control (Either Option) Pull-Up Voltage Pull-Up Resistance Output Voltage Trim Range Output Voltage Remote Sense Range Output Over-Voltage Protection Over-Temperature Shutdown Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTICS Calculated MTBF (Telcordia) Calculated MTBF (MIL-217) 2.5 1.1 106 Hrs. TR-NWT-000332; 80% load, 300LFM, 40C Ta 106 Hrs. MIL-HDBK-217F; 80% load, 300LFM, 40C Ta 106 Hrs. See our website for details 120 130 125 10 -10 5 10 10 10 140 6 V k % % % C C Measured across Pins 8 & 4; Figure C Measured across Pins 8 & 4 Over Full Temperature Range; % of nominial Vout Average PCB Temperature 2 0 13.5 0.8 V V Application notes; Figures A & B 0 2 0.8 13.5 V V 270 300 330 kHz 125 125 125 C C C
Field Demonstrated MTBF Note 1: The UVLO values represented here are typical of lighter load conditions. The unit may shut down under high load conditions before the typical UVLO limits. Note 2: For applications requiring reduced output voltage ripple and noise, consult SynQor applications support (e-mail: support@synqor.com) Note 3: The module requires a minimum amount of capacitance (100F) in order to ride through a No Load to Full Load transient (0.1A/s) without shutdown. Note 4: Higher values of isolation capacitance can be added external to the module.
Product # PQ60018EKx25
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B
06/12/09
Page 5
Technical Specification
PQ60018EKx25 Standards & Qualification Testing Pending
Parameter
STANDARDS COMPLIANCE UL/cUL 60950-1 EN60950-1 Needle Flame Test (IEC 695-2-2) IEC 61000-4-2 File # E194341, Basic insulation Certified by TUV
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
Notes & Conditions
Test on entire assembly; board & plastic components UL94V-0 compliant ESD test, 8 kV - NP, 15 kV air - NP (Normal Performance)
Note: An external input fuse must always be used to meet these safety requirements. Contact SynQor for official safety certificates on new releases or download from the SynQor website.
Parameter
QUALIFICATION TESTING Life Test Vibration Mechanical Shock Temperature Cycling Power/Thermal Cycling Design Marginality Humidity Solderability
# Units
32 5 5 10 5 5 5 15 pins
Test Conditions
95% rated Vin and load, units at derating point, 1000 hours 10-55 Hz sweep, 0.060" total excursion, 1 min./sweep, 120 sweeps for 3 axis 100g minimum, 2 drops in x and y axis, 1 drop in z axis -40 C to 100 C, unit temp. ramp 15 C/min., 500 cycles Toperating = min to max, Vin = min to max, full load, 100 cycles Tmin-10 C to Tmax+10 C, 5 C steps, Vin = min to max, 0-105% load 85 C, 85% RH, 1000 hours, continuous Vin applied except 5 min/day MIL-STD-883, method 2003
Product # PQ60018EKx25
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www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B
06/12/09
Page 6
Technical Specification
100 95 86 90 87
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
Efficiency (%)
Efficiency (%)
35 Vin 48 Vin 75 Vin
85 80 75 70 65 60 0 5 10 15 20 25
85
84
83
25 C 40 C 55 C
82 100 200 300 400
Load Current (A)
Air Flow (LFM)
Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25C.
Figure 2: Efficiency at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. airflow rate for ambient air temperatures of 25C, 40C, and 55C (nominal input voltage).
8
14 12
7
Power Dissipation (W)
10 8 6 4 2 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 35 Vin 48 Vin 75 Vin
Power Dissipation (W)
6
5
4 25 C 40 C 55 C 2 100 200 300 400
3
Load Current (A)
Air Flow (LFM)
Figure 3: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage vs. load current for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at 25C.
Figure 4: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage and 60% rated power vs. airflow rate for ambient air temperatures of 25C, 40C, and 55C (nominal input voltage).
30
25
20
Iout (A)
15
10
400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
5
0 25 40 55 70 85
Ambient Air Temperature (C)
Figure 5: Maximum output power-derating curve vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 100LFM through 400LFM with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 (nominal input voltage/open frame).
Product # PQ60018EKx25 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com
Figure 6: Thermal plot of converter at 24A load current (43.2W) with 55C air flowing at the rate of 200LFM. Air is flowing across the converter from pin 3 to pin 1 (nominal input voltage/open frame).
Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B 06/12/09 Page 7
Technical Specification
30
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
25
20
Iout (A)
15
10
400 LFM (2.0 m/s) 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) 200 LFM (1.0 m/s) 100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
5
0 25 40 55 70 85
Ambient Air Temperature (C)
Figure 7: Maximum output power derating curves vs. ambient air temperature for airflow rates of 100LFM through 400LFM with air flowing across the converter from input to output (nominal input voltage/open frame).
Figure 8: Thermal plot of converter at 22.6A load current (40.68W) with 55C air flowing at the rate of 200LFM. Air is flowing across the converter from input to output (nominal input voltage/open frame).
Figure 9: Turn-on transient at full load (resistive load) (10ms/div). Load cap: 10uF, 100m ESR tantalum capacitor and 1uF ceramic capacitor. Input voltage pre-applied. Ch 1: Vout (500mV/div), Ch 2: ON/OFF input (5V/div).
Figure 10: Turn-on transient at zero load (10ms/div). Load cap: 10F, 100m ESR tantalum capacitor and 1F ceramic capacitor. Ch 1: Vout (500mV/div), Ch 2: ON/OFF input (5V/div).
Figure 11: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75%50% of Iout(max); dI/dt=0.1A/s). Load cap: 15F tantalum cap and 1F ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div), Ch 2: Iout (10A/div).
Product # PQ60018EKx25 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com
Figure 12: Output voltage response to step-change in load current (50%-75%50% of Iout(max): dI/dt=1A/s). Load cap: 470F, 30m ESR tantalum cap and 1F ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div), Ch 2: Iout (10A/div).
Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B 06/12/09 Page 8
Technical Specification
See Fig. 15
source impedance
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
10 H
See Fig. 14 See Fig. 16
iS
VSOURCE
iC
DC/DC Converter 1 F
VOUT 15 F,
electrolytic capacitor
47 F, <1W ESR
ceramic 100mW ESR capacitor tantalum capacitor
Figure 13: Test set-up diagram showing measurement points for Input Terminal Ripple Current (Figure 14), Input Reflected Ripple Current (Figure 15) and Output Voltage Ripple (Figure 16).
Figure 14: Input Terminal Ripple Current, ic, at full rated output current and nominal input voltage with 10H source impedance and 47F electrolytic capacitor (50mA/div). See Figure 13.
Figure 15: Input reflected ripple current, is, through a 10H source inductor, using a 47F electrolytic input capacitor (5mA/div). See Figure 13.
Figure 16: Output voltage ripple at nominal input voltage and rated load current (50mV/div). Load capacitance: 1F ceramic capacitor and 15F tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 20MHz. See Figure 13.
12 11 10 9
Vout Trim-up (%)
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 40.0 39.5 39.0 38.5 38.0 37.5 37.0 36.6 36.0 35.5 35.0 100% Load 50% Load 0% Load
Input Voltage (V)
Figure 17: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage (48V to 75V), at 25A load current. Load cap: 15F tantalum capacitor and 1uF ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout (100mV/div), Ch 2: Vin (20V/div).
Product # PQ60018EKx25 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com
Figure 18: Achievable trim-up percentage vs. input voltage at 0%, 50% and full load. Vin=35-40V.
Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B 06/12/09 Page 9
Technical Specification
1 0 -10
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
0.1
Forward Transmission (dB)
Output Impedance (ohms)
-20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 35 Vin 48 Vin 75 Vin 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
0.01
0.001
35 Vin 48 Vin 75 Vin
0.0001 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Hz
Hz
Figure 19: Magnitude of incremental output impedance (Zout=Vout/Iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.
Figure 20: Magnitude of incremental forward transmission (FT=Vout/Vin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.
5
1000
-5
Reverse Transmission (dB)
-15
Input Impedance (ohms)
100
-25
10
-35 35 Vin -45 48 Vin 75 Vin -55 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
1
37 Vin 48 Vin 75 Vin
0.1 10 100 1,000 10,000 100,000
Hz
Hz
Figure 21: Magnitude of incremental reverse transmission (RT=Iin/Iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.
Figure 22: Magnitude of incremental input impedance (Zin=Vin/Iin) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.
2
1.5
Output Voltage (V)
1
0.5
35 Vin 48 Vin 75 Vin
0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Load Current (A)
Figure 23: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit curves and converter shutdown points.
Product # PQ60018EKx25 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B 06/12/09 Page 10
Technical Specification
BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES
The single stage power converter switches at a fixed frequency for predictable EMI performance. Rectification of the transformer's output is accomplished with synchronous rectifiers. These devices, which are MOSFETs with a very low on-state resistance, dissipate far less energy than Schottky diodes. This is the primary reason that the PowerQor converter has such high efficiency, even at very low output voltages and very high output currents. Dissipation throughout the converter is so low that it does not require a heatsink for operation. Since a heatsink is not required, the PowerQor converter does not need a metal baseplate or potting material to help conduct the dissipated energy to the heatsink. The PowerQor converter can thus be built more simply and reliably using high yield surface mount techniques on a PCB substrate. The PowerQor series of eighth-brick, quarter-brick and halfbrick converters uses the industry standard footprint and pin-out configuration.
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
In the positive logic version, the ON/OFF input is active high (meaning that a high turns the converter on). In the negative logic version, the ON/OFF signal is active low (meaning that a low turns the converter on). Figure A details five possible circuits for driving the ON/OFF pin. Figure B is a detailed look of the internal ON/OFF circuitry. REMOTE SENSE(+) (Pins 7 and 5): The SENSE(+) inputs correct for voltage drops along the conductors that connect the converter's output pins to the load. Pin 7 should be connected to Vout(+) and Pin 5 should be connected to Vout(-) at the point on the board where regulation is desired. A remote connection at the load can adjust for a voltage drop only as large as that specified in this datasheet, that is
[Vout(+) - Vout(-)] - [Vsense(+) - Vsense(-)] <
Sense Range % x Vout
Pins 7 and 5 must be connected for proper regulation of the output voltage. If these connections are not made, the converter will deliver an output voltage that is slightly higher than its specified value. Note: the output over-voltage protection circuit senses the voltage across the output (pins 8 and 4) to determine when it should trigger, not the voltage across the converter's sense leads (pins 7 and 5). Therefore, the resistive drop on the board should be small enough so that output OVP does not trigger, even during load transients.
CONTROL FEATURES
REMOTE ON/OFF (Pin 2): The ON/OFF input, Pin 2, permits the user to control when the converter is on or off. This input is referenced to the return terminal of the input bus, Vin(-). There are two versions of the converter that differ by the sense of the logic used for the ON/OFF input.
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
ON/OFF
Vin(_) Remote Enable Circuit
Vin(_) Negative Logic (Permanently Enabled) ON/OFF
TTL/ CMOS
Vin(_) Positive Logic (Permanently Enabled) ON/OFF ON/OFF 10k 50k
5V
5V
TTL
100pF
Vin(_) Open Collector Enable Circuit
Vin(_) Direct Logic Drive
Vin(_)
Figure A: Various circuits for driving the ON/OFF pin.
Figure B: Internal ON/OFF pin circuitry
Product # PQ60018EKx25
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Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B
06/12/09
Page 11
Technical Specification
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM (Pin 6): The TRIM input permits the user to adjust the output voltage across the sense leads up or down according to the trim range specifications. To decrease the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor between Pin 6 and Pin 5 (SENSE(-) input). For a desired decrease of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
Total DC Variation of Vout: For the converter to meet its full specifications, the maximum variation of the DC value of Vout, due to both trimming and remote load voltage drops, should not be greater than that specified for the output voltage trim range.
PROTECTION FEATURES
Input Under-Voltage Lockout: The converter is designed to turn off when the input voltage is too low, helping avoid an input system instability problem, described in more detail in the application note titled "Input System Instability". The lockout circuitry is a comparator with DC hysteresis. When the input voltage is rising, it must exceed the typical Turn-On Voltage Threshold value (listed on the specification page) before the converter will turn on. Once the converter is on, the input voltage must fall below the typical Turn-Off Voltage Threshold value before the converter will turn off. Output Current Limit: Once the output current reaches the current-limit point, the converter is in the cycle-by-cycle current limit mode for a short time that the typical value is 210s. If the over current no longer exists during this short time, the converter resumes the normal condition. If the over current still persists after this short time, the converter enters a "hiccup mode" where it repeatedly turns on and off at a 5 Hz (nominal) frequency until the over current condition is removed. The dual advantages of this design are that a short term overload will not cause a hiccup mode restart and it prevents excessive heating of the converter or the load board in extended over current condition. Output Over-Voltage Limit: If the voltage across the output pins exceeds the Output Over-Voltage Protection threshold, the converter will immediately stop switching. This prevents damage to the load circuit due to 1) excessive series resistance in output current path from converter output pins to sense point, 2) a release of a short-circuit condition, or 3) a release of a current limit condition. Load capacitance determines exactly how high the output voltage will rise in response to these conditions. After 200 ms the converter will automatically restart. Over-Temperature Shutdown: A temperature sensor on the converter senses the average temperature of the module. The thermal shutdown circuit is designed to turn the converter off when the temperature at the sensed location reaches the Over-Temperature Shutdown value. It will allow the converter to turn on again when the temperature of the sensed location falls by the amount of the Over-Temperature Shutdown Restart Hysteresis value.
Rtrim-down =
where
( 511 ) %
- 10.22 (kW)
% =
Vnominal - Vdesired Vnominal
x 100%
To increase the output voltage, the user should connect a resistor between Pin 6 and Pin 7 (SENSE(+) input). For a desired increase of the nominal output voltage, the value of the resistor should be
Rtrim-up =
where
(
5.11VOUT(100+%) _ 511 _ 10.22
1.225%
%
)
(kW)
VOUT = Nominal Output Voltage Figure C graphs the relationship between the trim resistor value and Rtrim-up and Rtrim-down, showing the total range the output voltage can be trimmed up or down. Note: the TRIM feature does not affect the voltage at which the output over-voltage protection circuit is triggered. Trimming the output voltage too high may cause the over-voltage protection circuit to engage, particularly during transients. It is not necessary for the user to add capacitance at the Trim pin. The node is internally bypassed to eliminate noise.
10,000
Trim Resistance (kOhms)
1,000
100
10
1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
% increase Vout
% decrease Vout
Figure C: Trim Graph for 1.8Vout module
Product # PQ60018EKx25 Phone 1-888-567-9596 www.synqor.com Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B 06/12/09 Page 12
Technical Specification
APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS
Input System Instability: This condition can occur because any DC/DC converter appears incrementally as a negative resistance load. A detailed application note titled "Input System Instability" is available on the SynQor website which provides an understanding of why this instability arises, and shows the preferred solution for correcting it. Application Circuits: Figure D below provides a typical circuit diagram which details the input filtering and voltage trimming. Input Filtering and External Capacitance: Figure E below provides a diagram showing the internal input filter components. This filter dramatically reduces input terminal ripple current, which otherwise could exceed the rating of an external input electrolytic capacitor. The recommended external input capacitance is specified in the "Input Characteristics" section. More detailed information is available in the application note titled "EMI Characteristics" on the SynQor website.
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
Startup Inhibit Period: The Startup Inhibit Period ensures that the converter will remain off for approximately 200ms when it is shut down for any reason. In all, there are five ways that the converter can be shut down, initiating a Startup Inhibit Period: * Input Under-Voltage Lockout * Output Over-Voltage Protection * Over Temperature Shutdown * Current Limit * Turned off by the ON/OFF input
Vin(+) External Input Filter
Electrolytic Capacitor
Vout(+) Vsense(+) Rtrim-up
or
Vin
47F
ON/OFF
Trim
Vsense(_) Vin(_) Vout(_)
Rtrim-down
Cload
Iload
Figure D: Typical application circuit (negative logic unit, permanently enabled).
L
Vin(+) C Vin(_)
Figure E: Internal Input Filter Diagram (component values listed on the specifications page).
Product # PQ60018EKx25
Phone 1-888-567-9596
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Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B
06/12/09
Page 13
Technical Specification
Figure F shows three turn-on scenarios, where a Startup Inhibit Period is initiated at t0, t1, and t2: Before time t0, when the input voltage is below the UVL threshold, the unit is disabled by the Input Under-Voltage Lockout feature. When the input voltage rises above the UVL threshold, the Input Under-Voltage Lockout is released, and a Startup Inhibit Period is initiated. At the end of this delay, the ON/OFF pin is evaluated, and since it is active, the unit turns on.
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
At time t1, the unit is disabled by the ON/OFF pin, and it cannot be enabled again until the Startup Inhibit Period has elapsed. When the ON/OFF pin goes high after t2, the Startup Inhibit Period has elapsed, and the output turns on within the typical Turn-On Time.
Vin
Under-Voltage Lockout Turn-On Threshold
(pos logic)
ON/OFF
ON
OFF
ON
OFF
ON
15ms 21 ms
Vout
(typical start-up inhibit period)
(typical turn on time)
10ms
200ms
200ms
t
t0 t1 t2
Figure F: Startup Inhibit Period (turn-on time not to scale)
Product # PQ60018EKx25
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B
06/12/09
Page 14
Technical Specification
PART NUMBERING SYSTEM
The part numbering system for SynQor's dc-dc converters follows the format shown in the example below.
P Q 6 0 0 18 E K A 2 5 N R S - G 6/6 RoHS Options (see Ordering Information) Output Current Thermal Design Performance Level Package Size Output Voltage Input Voltage Product Family
Input: Output: Current: Part No.:
ORDERING INFORMATION
35-75V 1.8V 25A PQ60018EKx25
The tables below show the valid model numbers and ordering options for converters in this product family. When ordering SynQor converters, please ensure that you use the complete 15 character part number consisting of the 12 character base part number and the additional 3 characters for options. Add "-G" to the model number for 6/6 RoHS compliance.
Model Number PQ60018EKA25xyz - G PQ60018EKL25xyz - G PQ60018EKC25xyz - G Continuous Input Voltage 35-75V 35-75V 35-75V Output Voltage 1.8V 1.8V 1.8V Maximum Output Current 25A 25A 25A
EKA has standard height, EKL is a low profile product
The following options must be included in place of the x y z spaces in the model numbers listed above.
Options Description: x y z
The first 12 characters comprise the base part number and the last 3 characters indicate available options. The "-G" suffix indicates 6/6 RoHS compliance.
Thermal Design
A - Open Frame L - Low Profile C - Encased
Enable Logic
P - Positive N - Negative
Pin Style K - 0.110" N - 0.145" R - 0.180" Y - 0.250"
Feature Set
S - Standard
Application Notes
A variety of application notes and technical white papers can be downloaded in pdf format from our website.
RoHS Compliance: The EU led RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) Directive bans the use of Lead, Cadmium, Hexavalent Chromium, Mercury, Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB), and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) in Electrical and Electronic Equipment. This SynQor product is 6/6 RoHS compliant. For more information please refer to SynQor's RoHS addendum available at our RoHS Compliance / Lead Free Initiative web page or e-mail us at rohs@synqor.com.
Not all combinations make valid part numbers, please contact SynQor for availability. See the Product Summary web page for more options.
PATENTS
SynQor holds the following patents, one or more of which might apply to this product: 5,999,417 6,594,159 6,927,987 7,119,524 6,222,742 6,731,520 7,050,309 7,269,034 6,545,890 6,894,468 7,072,190 7,272,021 6,577,109 6,896,526 7,085,146 7,272,023
Contact SynQor for further information:
Phone: Toll Free: Fax: E-mail: Web: Address:
978-849-0600 888-567-9596 978-849-0602 power@synqor.com www.synqor.com 155 Swanson Road Boxborough, MA 01719 USA
Phone 1-888-567-9596
Warranty SynQor offers a three (3) year limited warranty. Complete warranty information is listed on our website or is available upon request from SynQor. Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of SynQor.
Product # PQ60018EKx25
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005113 Rev. B
06/12/09
Page 15

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